The eyeworm, Oxyspirura octopapillata (Nematoda-Thelaziidae) is reported for the first time in Argentina parasitizing the eyes of the little nightjar, Setopagis parvula (Aves-Caprimulgidae). The host was collected in Formosa Province, Argentina, and nine specimens belonging to this nematode species were found. Its morphological characteristics and morphometric data are described, which include a divided buccal capsule, 17 male caudal papillae and a spicular ratio of 1: 2.3-2.9. These features allow us to differentiate these specimens from the other Neotropical species of the genus Oxyspirura. This is the first parasitological study of S. parvula in Argentina.
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